Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP)
ARP is an internet protocol used to map the IP networking
address to the physical MAC address of a machine. This is a protocol used to
resolve the address of the client machine that makes a request to know his
machine address/MAC (Medium Access Control). The server machine which is on a
remote computer gets a piece of information from the ARP which helps it
uniquely identify the client machine. The whole process completes when the
client receives a response from the server containing the required address.
There are two types of ARP: Gratuitous and Proxy. Proxy ARP is more vulnerable
to security threats and hence Gratuitous is used more often.
The reverse process i.e. finding the IP
address can be done with the help of Reverse ARP. In this case, the client
sends it physical/MAC address and then the server replies with the IP address.
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